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زبالې (کثافات) څه اهميت لري | واسع ویب نن ورځ د زبالې لپاره مختلف اصطلاحات کارول کيږي لکه کثافات، سپما مضره مواد يا پاتې شوني فضله مواد او داسې نور اما په عامه او مروجه اصطلاح کې زبالې ته کثافات ويل کيږي. نو زبالې داسې تعريفوو: زبالې يا کثافات هغه اضافه مواد دي چې د ګټې اخيستنې وړ موادو تر کارولو وروسته په چاپيريال کې غورځول کيږي او د انسان د شخصي، اقتصادي، کرنيزو او صنعتي کړنو په پايله کې را منځته کيږي او په چاپيريال کې ټول کثافات مضر او خطرناک دي او د کثافاتو اندازه دنفوسو د ډيروالي سره موازي وي يعنې د نفوسو په ډيروالي سره د زبالې او فضله موادو توليد ډيريږي او په چاپيريال کې د اوبو،خاورې او هوا د ککړتيا لامل ګڼل کيږي.
همدا ډول د انسان سلامتيا د ګواښ سره مخ کوي او د ژوند چاپيريال خرابوي په حقيقت کې زبالې يا کثافات د ککړتيا سرچينه ده او بايد په چټکی سره را جمع او له منځه يوړل شي د کيفيت او ککړتيا له پلوه زبالې يا کثافات زيات ډولونه لري چې په لاندې ډول يې يادونه کوو.
۱. ښاري کثافات:
د انساني فعاليتونو په پايله کې هره ورځ توليديږي او بايد له منځه يوړل شي ښاري کثافات د خوړو د پاتې شونو ، پلاستيکونو، کاغذونو، خاورو، فلزاتو او د لرګيو د ښاخونو او پاڼو ته ويل کيږي او د توليد سرچينه يا مرکزونه يې دادي.
د استوګنې ځايونه، سوداګريز او صنعتي مرکزونه، تعليمي مرکزونه، سرکونه او کوڅې.
۲. خطرناکې زبالې (کثافات) :
دغه کثافات جامد او مايع وي چې د فزيکي، کيمياوي او بيولوژيکي کميت او کيفيت له امله د مړينې کچه لوړوي او د سون او چاوديدو توان هم لري خطرناکې زبالې بايد د چاوديدو له امله درجه بندي شي او هر يو يې بايد يو کوډ او ستندرد ولري چې د وړلو او را وړلو په وخت کې يې خطر وپيژندل شي خطرناکې زبالې د ښار څخه د باندې په ځانګړو ځايونو کې وساتل شي او د کثافاتو او اضافي موادو د قانون سره سم له منځه يوړل شي او دغه خطرناک کثافات ځانګړي نښې نښانې لري لکه اورشيندونکي مايع مواد، جامد اورشيندونکي مواد، چاوديدونکي توکي ، هستوي توکي او نفتي مواد خطرناک کثافات دي چې يو وخت وروسته چاپيريال ته خطر پېښوي.
۳. د روغتونونو زبالې (کثافات):
د روغتونونو او درملتونو د مرکزونو کثافات هغه دي چې په بېلا بېلو برخو کې د روغتيايې کړنو په پايله کې پاتې کيږي او په ځانګړي ډول جمع او بيا د ټاکل شويو نورمونو سره سم په صندوقونو کې اچول کيږي او وروسته يې په اړه پرېکړه کيږي.
د روغتونو د کثافاتو ډولونه:
۱. پتالوژي په کثافاتو کې د جراحی مواد شامل دي لکه ( مالوچ، د پانسمان مواد او د لابراتوارونو اضافي مواد) او داسې نور.
۲. هغه درمل چې وخت تير يې شوی وي، د بدبويی ضد مواد، اضافي کيمياوي مواد چې مايع او جامد وي.
۳. راډيو اکتيف کثافات دي چې د عکس اخيستلو څخه وروسته پاتې کيږي.
۴. د پانسمان کثافات چې دناروغ په وينو ککړوي لکه د جراحی سامان الات.
۴. صنعتي کثافت:
د صنعت په منځته راتلو سره د انسانانو مشکل يې ډير کړي دي اوس مهال د صنعتي کثافاتو ډير ډولونه لرو چې بايد د هر ډول کثافاتو توليد د امکان تر بريده را کم کړو هر توليدي سکتور د صنعتي کثافاتو د کنترول لپاره چاپيريالي معيارونه مراعت کړي صنعتي کثافاتو د بيا جوړولو لپاره بايد په لومړي قدم کې په يو ځای وساتل شي او وروسته يې کثافات چې په حقيقت کې ضايعات دي په ځانګړي ځای کې دفن شي البته د کثافاتو او ضايعاتو دفن کول ځانګړي شرطونه لري يعني ددې ډول کثافاتو دفن کول بايد چاپيريال ته خطر پېښ نه کړي په فني طريقو سره په ځمکه کې دفن کړای شی.
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